Definition. A family of cryptographic schemes whose security relies on the computational hardness of problems in high-dimensional lattices — in particular Learning With Errors (LWE) and its variants. These problems are considered resistant to quantum computer attacks. ML-DSA and ML-KEM, the NIST-standardised post-quantum algorithms, are lattice-based.

Why relevant. Lattice-based schemes are the most practically relevant branch of post-quantum cryptography: they offer acceptable key and signature sizes, are well-analysed, and available in production-ready implementations. Understanding the mathematical foundation helps when evaluating implementations and libraries.

Related.ML-DSA, ML-KEM, Post-Quantum Cryptography